Low Temp. Absorption Chiller

General Description:

Working principle Liquid evaporation is a phase changing and heat absorption process. The lower pressure, the lower evaporation. for example, under one atmosphere pressure, the evaporation temperature of water is 100°C, and at 0.00891 atmosphere pressure, the evaporation temperature of water will drop to 5°C. If a low-pressure environment can be established and water is used as the evaporation medium, low-temperature water with a saturation temperature corresponding to the current pressure can be obtained. If the liquid water can be continuously supplied, and the low pressure can be maintained stably, the low-temperature water of the required temperature can be continuously provided. LiBr absorption chiller, depending on the characteristics of LiBr solution, takes the heat of steam, gas, hot water and other media as the driving source, and realizes the evaporation, absorption, condensation of refrigerant water and the generation process of solution in the vacuum equipment cycle, so that the low-temperature evaporation process of refrigerant water can continue. That means the function of continuously providing low temperature chilled water driven by the heat source can be realized.

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FLOW DIAGRAM

The working principle of a low temp. absorption chiller is illustrated in Fig. 3.2-1. The refrigerant vapor generated by the generator is cooled down in the condenser in the form of refrigerant water, which is then delivered via U-shape tube to the drip pan of the evaporator. It absorbs the heat of chilled water and lowers its temperature to the setting value, then refrigerant water evaporates to vapor and enters the absorber. After absorbing the vapor, the concentrated solution in the absorber becomes a diluted solution and releases absorption heat, which is taken away by cooling water to keep the absorption ability of the solution. Industrial water chiller manufacturers design systems to ensure that this heat exchange process is efficient and consistent.

The diluted solution generated in the absorber is delivered by a solution pump to a heat exchanger, where it is heated and then enters a generator. In the generator, the diluted solution is heated by hot water as a heat source (which flows inside the tube) to the boiling point and generates refrigerant vapor. Meanwhile, the diluted solution is concentrated into a concentrated solution, which comes to the absorber to repeat the continuously cycling process as above. Industrial water chiller manufacturers use advanced heat exchangers to ensure that the heat transfer is optimized, which improves the overall efficiency of the system.

Cooling water is used to reduce the medium temperature in the absorber and condenser. After being heated, it is connected to the cooling tower system and returned to the unit for circulation after cooling. The system's effective design and circulation management are areas where industrial water chiller manufacturers invest in technology to enhance performance and energy conservation.

As industrial water chiller manufacturers continue to refine their designs, the use of highly efficient pumps, heat exchangers, and condensers ensures minimal energy loss and better heat recovery. These innovations contribute significantly to the long-term viability and cost-effectiveness of absorption chiller systems.

MAIN COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

Low temp. absorption chiller is made up primarily of heat exchange devices (generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, heat exchanger, and so on), automatic purge device, vacuum pump, solution pump, refrigerant pump, 3-way motor valve and electrical cabinet.

No.	Name	Function
1	Generator	It concentrates the diluted solution from the heat exchanger into a concentrated solution using hot water or steam as a medium. Meanwhile, refrigerant vapor is generated and delivered to condenser, and concentrated solution flow to absorber.Design condition: Absolute pressure: ≈39.28mmHgSolution temp.: ≈80.27℃
2	Condenser	It condensates refrigerant vapor supplied from the generator into refrigerant water. The heat produced during condensation is taken away by the cooling water.A rupture disk is installed at the refrigerant water outlet of condenser, it will work automatically when unit’s pressure is abnormally high, to protect unit from over-pressure.Design condition: Absolute pressure: ≈39.28mmHg
3	Evaporator	It cools down the chilled water for the cooling demand with the evaporated refrigerant water as a medium.Design condition: Absolute pressure: ≈4.34mmHg
4	Absorber	The concentrated solution in absorber absorbs refrigerant vapor supplied from the evaporator and the cooling water takes away the absorption heat.
5	Heat exchanger	It recycles the heat of the concentrated solution in the generator, therefore improving the system’s thermodynamic coefficient.
6	Auto-purge device	The two devices combine to make up an air purging system which pumps out the non-condensable air in the unit, ensures unit’s performance and maximizes service life.
7	Vacuum pump
8	Refrigerant pump	It is used to deliver and spray refrigerant water evenly on the heat-conducting tube bundle of the evaporator.
9	Generator pump	Deliver solution to generator, realized the inner circulation in unit.
10	Absorber pump	Deliver solution to absorber, realized the inner circulation in unit.
11	Refrigerant bypass valve	Regulate the refrigerant water density in evaporator and drain out refrigerant water during unit shutdown.
12	Solution bypass valve	Regulate the refrigerant water density in evaporator
13	Density meter	Monitor refrigerant water density
14	3-way motor valve	Regulate or cut off heat source water input
15	Control cabinet	For unit operation control